SOLUTIONS |
PRINTING ELEMENTS |
INKING AND IMPRESSION |
MANUAL TECHNIQUE |
INDUSTRIAL TECHNIQUE |
COMMENTS |
WOODCUT (metal cuts, etc.) the ink is on the relief area, the dra-wing is also in relief. MATERIALS USED: wood, lino, metal, plastic,stone |
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*inking done with a roller sparing the hollows *block presses against printed surface *impression: black on white |
woodcuts, xylography, linocut, plastic cutting, stone, plaster, metal and stamping |
typography (letter press printing) line block |
*very slight relief of the blacks on the verso side for wood. *clarity of typographical printing |
WHITE LINE the ink is on relief areas the drawing is in the intaglio areas MATERIALS USED: wood (end grain), lino, metal, plastic, stone |
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*inking done with a roller sparing the lower areas *block pressed against printed surface *impression: white on black |
woodengraving on endgrain wood, linotype, engraving on stone, plastic, metal, plaster, goffering, dotted manner, punch engraving |
inversed line block half tone |
*no relief except for goffering |
INTAGLIO the ink is in the intaglio areas the drawing is also in intaglio MATERIALS USED: metal |
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*inking of the intaglio areas done with a dabber followed by wiping the plate. *printed surface pressed onto the plate so that it is pushed into the lines. *impression: black on white |
aquatint line engraving etching, dry point crayon manner mezzotint brush etching |
photogravure or heliogravure stamping (with or without ink) |
*the printing provokes a kind of golfering of the paper (plate mark, etc.) * lines are slightly in relief |
CHEMICAL METHOD the ink catches only the areas that have been drawn and prepared no reliefs MATERIALS USED: stone, zinc, aluminium |
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*chemical preparation of the printing element *inking done with a roller *printed surface pressed against printing surface *impression: black on white or white on black |
lithography zincography algraphy anastatic impressions |
lithography offset phototype |
*the pressure exerted by the stone in lithography is slightly visible *lines have no relief *difficult to recognize a mechanical impression |
STENCIL METHOD the ink goes through only in the open areas MATERIALS USED: silk, nylon, metal grids, bristol, light metal |
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*stopping up of areas that are not drawn *ink forced through the cloth or through the stencil *printed surface below the screen or stencil *impression: black on white or white on black |
serigraphy hand made stencelling |
serigraphy (manual, semi-mechanical, mechanical |
*impression has no relief but ink may produce slight relief *difficult to distnguish manual from mechanical impressions |
SIMPLE MANUAL TRANSFER ink is applied directly with a brush MATERIALS USED: glass, marble |
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*only one step: printed surface pressed onto inked surface |
monotype |
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*at times it can be used to make as many as three impressions but only the first will be intensely inked |
PHOTOGRAPHY light sensitive surface exposed with manual negative of glass or plastic |
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*manually made negative by scratching an opaque cliché *photographic printing |
glass print photograms |
photography (non-manual negative) |
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